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BibArch Home Perspectives

Ancient Christianity

The Significance of έκκλησία in the New Testament by Trevor Gervase Jalland

What is the meaning of the word ekklesia? What does it suggest as to disunion in the Church of God?

Second Temple Messianism: Comparing the Dead Sea Scrolls and Acts 2:36 by Michael V. Houghton, Sr.

Many of the Jewish people of the Herodian era expected not just one messiah but at least two�Messiah ben David and Messiah ben Zadok. Is this dual messianic expectation found in the book of Acts?

The Decree of Artaxerxes: Is it the Key to the Date of the Crucifixion? by Michael P. Germano

The decree of Artaxerxes at Ezra 7:11-26 is important to many Christians as they date the issuance of the decree as the beginning point of the Seventy-Weeks Prophecy of Daniel (Daniel 9:25-26). Are they misinformed?

Is Jerusalem's Oldest Known Synagogue Originally Christian? by Michael P. Germano

Part I A Holy Site of Jews and Christians

Part II The Findings

Part III The Explanation

A small synagogue on Mt. Zion, called the Tomb of David, is seen by many as Jerusalem's oldest known synagogue. But in actual fact is it a Christian church-synagogue built in the late first century by no other than a cousin of Jesus of Nazareth?

Apostolic Christianity: Is it Meant for Us? by Michael P. Germano.

Does the Christianity of the first Christians define "the Way" we are to live? Many believers seek to emulate the first Christians. How relevant are the customs, traditions, and beliefs of the early Christians for Christianity today?

The Upper Room: Was It the Site of the First Christian Pentecost?by Michael P. Germano

Jesus and The Twelve celebrated the Last Supper in the Upper Room. Did his followers also assemble in this famous Upper Room for the first Christian Pentecost? Did this event have a connection with the Second Temple?

Was Jesus a Vegetarian? The Billboard Says So! Was He? by Michael P. Germano

Some believe so, and they want you to stop eating meat. Should you? Did Jesus teach his followers to avoid animal flesh? The People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals want you to believe so.

Golgotha! Calvary and the Elusive Tomb of Jesus of Nazareth -- the Bishop's Secret! by Michael P. Germano

Does the Church of the Holy Sepulcher mark the place where humanity's savior died? Is his tomb there? Did Constantine's excavators find the authentic tomb of Jesus of Nazareth or has orthodox Christianity been victim of an incredible ruse?

The Last Seder: Unscrambling its Baffling Chronology

by Michael P. Germano

Part I The Theory

Part II Restating the Theory in Testable Terms

Part III Testing the Theory (in preparation)

Is there a solution to the chronology of the Passover of Jesus death as given in the gospels? Was this a Passover Seder or a communion service? When and where did The Last Supper occur?

Costume and Dress in Early Christian Art by Norman A. Ruben

The artistic portrayal of characters in mythical and biblical scenes in contemporary costume followed Greco-Roman artistic traditions. A striking feature of the dress of biblical figures in early Christian art is ordinariness.

Ark of the Covenant

The Real "Ark Mystery" by Doug Ward

Lost for nearly 2600 years the Ark of the Covenant continues to intrigue erstwhile Indiana Joneses. Why did God allow the ark to be lost? What can we learn from the biblical account of the Ark?

City of David

The Water System of Jerusalem and Its Implications for the Historicity of Joab's Conquest by Terrence J. Kleven
As recent geological, philological and archaeological evidence converges in affirming the existence of some type of substantial water system in Jebusite Jerusalem, it appears that a reasonable case can be made for the plausibility of the depiction in II Samuel 5.

King David's Lost Tomb and Treasure by Gary Arvidson

Part I The World's Richest King

Part II The Conquest of Canaan

Part III The Tomb

Part IV The Adventure

Josephus claimed that King David's tomb contained a huge quantity of treasure�silver, gold, and precious objects. Does this famous sepulcher and treasury remain intact today?

Locating Jerusalem's Fountain Gate by Bill Lavers
Part I The Secret Visit

Part II The Inspection

Part III The Steps to the Gihon

Part IV The Angle

The Fountain Gate is an important landmark for determining the site of the Solomonic Temple and for locating King David's lost tomb. While traditional wisdom places the gate at the southern end of the city of David by the lower pool Bill Lavers argues in this four part series that the evidence suggests that the Fountain Gate is actually the Spring Gate above the Gihon Spring.

Exodus & Conquest of Canaan

Chronology of the Exodus and the Israelite Conquest of Canaan by Richard H. Paige
Part I 13th or 15th Century?

Part II The Conquest of Canaan

When was the Exodus and the Israelite Conquest of Canaan? This probably the single most complicated area in biblical studies today. In this two part series biblical historian Richard Paige shows how the archaeological data can be explained.

Holy Days & Festivals

Sacred Festivals: The Seven Feasts and Annual Sabbaths of the Hebrew Scriptures by Michael P. Germano

Some argue that these days should be kept by Christians. In calendar quarrels others dispute when these days occur. But now, even their identity is in question. Do the biblical holy days have any meaning for today's world?

On The Last Supper Menu: Was It Leavened or Unleavened Bread? by Michael P. Germano

Did Jesus and his disciples eat leavened or unleavened bread at the Last Supper? On that occasion Jesus took artos and "broke it and gave it to them" (Luke 22:19). He then passed it out to his disciples and they ate it. Was this artos leavened or unleavened bread?

Intertestamental Period

First Maccabees: The Remarkable Chronicle of the Maccabees by Doug Ward

The story of the Maccabees, as recorded in the book of I Maccabees, still provides inspiration today. Relying on God and drawing strength from the scriptures, Mattathias and his sons prevailed against a powerful empire and reclaimed the Temple.

Lost Ten Tribes

Who Are the Lost Ten Tribes of Israel? by Michael P. Germano

Why Are They Lost? Can the Science of Molecular Genetics Help Identify Their Descendants? The archaeological dead-end in this area of investigation leads us to call for a new scientific investigation which could put this matter to an end.

New Testament

Spinning the New Testament: A True and Tested Formula for Its Misunderstanding by Michael P. Germano

Rank-and-file Christians don't ordinarily think of their ministers, pastors, priests, and lay friends as spinning the Bible. Yet, from the earliest days of the Church, clerics and laity alike have placed their spin on God's word. How does this effect our understanding?

Origins

Neanderthals Again? Has the Media Got It Right? by Michael P. Germano

Neanderthals are newsworthy, but did they mix their genes with early humans? Some members of the media report no. Are they right? Or do they need to get the data straight?

Plugging the Gaps in the Gap Theory: Genesis 1 Revisited by Doug Ward

How old is the earth? What does Genesis 1 actually discuss? It may not be what you thought!

Prophecy

The Seventy Weeks Prophecy: Does it Lead to Jesus? by Michael P. Germano
Part I The Removal of Sin

Part II The Prophecy Fulfilled

To whom does Daniel 9:24-26 refer? Christendom needs to take a new look at one of its most misunderstood prophecies. It was Yahweh, not Cyrus, who commanded the restoration and rebuilding of Jerusalem.

The United States and Great Britain in Prophecy by Michael P. Germano

Have the prophetic identities of Ephraim and Manasseh been reversed? Proponents argue that the prophetic identity of the USA, which they claim is a "company of nations," is Ephraim. This role has been that of Great Britain.

Temple

The Temples of Jerusalem by David W. Sielaff
The director of ASK sets forth the theory that the location of the Jewish Temples was above and west of the Gihon spring in Jerusalem and explains its significance for the world.

Jerusalem's Temples: Lost and Found? or Simply Forgotten? by Michael P. Germano

Is the Haram esh-Sharif the site of the ancient Roman Fortress Antonia? Has the site been found at last? New study says, yes!

Fighting Words: Specialist Berates Martin's Temple Theory and an Irate Martin Responds by Michael P. Germano

Ernest Martin places Herod's temple just south of the Haram esh-Sharif. Leen Ritmeyer ridicules the idea and dismisses it outright. So, what's the problem?

Time of the End

Wanted: White Male Jew to Serve as Final Antichrist by James D. Tabor

Will the Antichrist be Jewish? Is he alive today? Do we live in the final days? Some Christians believe so. What do the Scriptures say on this controversial matter?

Islamic Europe? The Rise of Eurabia by Michael P. Germano

Can pacifist old Europe survive Islam? Will Islam swamp France, Germany, and the rest of the secular socialist states of old Europe?

Torah and Law

The Sinaitic Covenant and the Law of Moses: Irrelevant? Or, Do They Still Matter? by Michael P. Germano

Messianic Jews and several Christian groups observe the weekly and annual Sabbaths, the biblical dietary laws, fast on Yom Kippur, and circumcise their male children. Are these practices required of the people of God in today's world?


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Does the national archive and treasury of the kings of Judah lie hidden deep underground in the ancient City of David?

The tomb of King David has been lost since the days of Herod the Great. Have archaeologists and historians now isolated its location? New research suggests the tomb, and a national archive and treasury containing unbelievable wealth, lies not far south of the Haram esh-Sharif. You will find the implications astounding.

 


What was Jerusalem in the days of Herod and Jesus really like?

Tradition places Herod's Temple on the Haram esh-Sharif. Is this really the site of the Temple in Jesus' day? A new carefully detailed compilation and analysis of the historical evidence says -- absolutely not!

View Temple Video


The Old City of Jerusalem

This small sample section of a beautiful map from the Survey of Israel, suitable for framing, is a must for serious students of the Bible. The map sets forth the topography of the city and provides labels for all major

 


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