Babylonian Period (586-538)
|
| 586 |
Jerusalem
destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar |
Persian Period 538-332)
|
| 538 |
Decree
issued by Cyrus permitting the Jews to rebuild Jerusalem and the Temple |
| 520 |
Building
of the temple begins in earnest |
| 515 |
Second
Temple is completed |
| 457 |
Ezra returns to Jerusalem |
| 444 |
Nehemiah's
first return to Jerusalem |
Hellenistic Period (332-63)
|
| 331 |
Alexander the Great defeats
Persian Empire |
|
Judah and Jerusalem, conquered by
Alexander the Great, come under Greek control and domination. |
323 |
Alexander dies at Babylon |
301 |
Judea becomes part of the Ptolemaic Empire of Syria |
| 200 |
Judea
becomes part of the Seleucid Empire of Syria |
| 167 |
Persecution
of Jews by Antiochus Epiphanes begins |
| 164 |
Persecution
ends/Temple cleansed |
| 142 |
Judea
wins independence from the Seleucid Empire |
| 134-104 |
Reign
of John Hyrcanus |
| 103-76 |
Reign
of Alexander Jannaeus |
Roman Period (63 BCE-CE 324)
|
| 63 |
Pompey imposes Roman "supervision" over
Judea |
| 42 |
Marc
Anthony becomes ruler of the eastern portion of the Roman Empire |
| 40 |
Parthian
Empire invades Judea and appoints Antigonus as king |
| 40 |
Roman
Senate appoints Herod the Great as King of Judea |
| 37 |
Herod the Great defeats Antigonus and captures
Jerusalem |
| 31 |
Octavian
(Augustus) defeats Anthony and Cleopatra leaving him the sole ruler of the Roman Empire |
| 4 |
Jesus
of Nazareth is born in Bethlehem |
| 4? |
Herod the Great dies |
| 4 |
Herod Antipas rules Galilee; Herod Archaelaus
rules Judea |
| CE
6 |
Judea
becomes a Roman province |
| 26-36 |
Pontius
Pilate serves as Procurator of Judea |
| ca.
30/31? |
Crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth at Passover (Nisan 14) and founding of the Church of
God on Pentecost |
| 41-44 |
Judea
ruled by Herod Agrippa |
| 44 |
Judea
again becomes a Roman province |
| 49 |
The
Jerusalem Council meets and proclaims that Gentiles do not have to
become Jews to be
first-class Christians |
| 66 |
First
Jewish Revolt begins |
| 70 |
Jerusalem
and Herod's Temple destroyed by Titus, son of the Roman emperor Vespasian |
| 73 |
Last
Jewish resistance comes to an end with the fall of Masada |
| 132-135 |
Second
Jewish Revolt |
| 135 |
Roman
emperor Hadrian bans Jews from Jerusalem and
rebuilds it as a Roman city named Aelia Capitolina |
Byzantine Period (324-638)
|
| 324 |
Helena,
mother of Constantine visits Palestine to identify holy sites |
| 330 |
Eusebius, writes the
Onomasticon., an
alphabetical listing of place names in the Bible, with annotations on their history and
location |
| 361 |
Byzantine
emperor Julian encourages Jews to rebuild their Temple |
| 363 |
Julian's
successor halts work on Jewish Temple |
| ca. 385 |
Journal
of Egeria, written by a nun from northern Spain or southern France, who made a
journey to the Holy Land |
| 382-405 |
Latin
Bible (the Vulgate) prepared by Jerome in Bethlehem |
| ca. 570 |
Visit
to the Holy land by the Anonymous Pilgrim of Paicenza |
| 614 |
Persians
invade Palestine and destroy all churches except the Church of the Nativity (Bethlehem),
but allow Jews to return to Jerusalem |
| 629 |
Byzantine
emperor Heraclius retakes Palestine and banishes Jews from Jerusalem |
Early Arab Period (638-1099)
|
| 636 |
Arabs
conquer Palestine |
| 638 |
First
Dome of the Rock built by Caliph Omar |
| 685-691 |
Caliph
Abd Al-Malik builds present Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem |
| 1009 |
Caliph
Al-Hakim destroys the Church of the Holy Sepulchre |
Crusader Period (1099-1291)
|
| 1099 |
Crusaders
capture Jerusalem and establish the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Holy Land. Jews
again banished from Jerusalem |
| 1187 |
Saladin
defeats Crusaders at the Horns of Hatttin, bringing the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to an
end |
| ca.
1250 |
Crusaders
regain control of some coastal sites in Palestine |
| 1244-1291 |
Mameluke
sultan Bybars drive all Crusaders from the Holy land |
Late Arab Period (1291-1516)
|
|
During
most of this period of time (the period of the Mamelukes), the Holy Land was a political
and economic "backwater" |
Ottoman Period (1516-1917)
|
| 1517 |
Suleiman
the Magnificent conquers Palestine. |
| 1536 |
Suleiman
the Magnificent rebuilds the wall around the Old City of Jerusalem |
Mandate Period 1917-1948)
|
| 1917 |
British
General Allenby defeats the Turkish forces at Megiddo and enters Jerusalem |
| 1917 |
Balfour
Declaration declares Britain's intent to create a "National Home for the Jewish
People" in Palestine |
| 1922 |
British
authorities divide Palestine into the autonomous emirate of Trans-Jordan and British-ruled
"Palestine" |
Israeli Period (1948-present)
|
| 1948 |
Declaration of the State of Israel |
